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8 Steps in How to Write a Research Paper - 1118 Words

Here are 8 steps in how to research a research paper. These 8 steps are easy to follow and will increase your accuracy in researching your paper. These steps are a helping tool for any college or high school student with a long or short paper. Like any other writing project, research writing is a process involving a number of steps. Although you may be overwhelmed at first by the large scope of a research paper, if you break the task into smaller tasks, you ll find yourself able to complete even the largest assign-ment. First, start by understanding your paper; make sure you know what requirements your instructor is assigning. This is a key step in being able to outline your plan of attack. Second, focus on your topic. Narrowing your†¦show more content†¦Older research studies may be outdated or disproved by more recent work. Recent articles in good journals and in books from major publishers generally represent the current state of knowledge on your topic. But, in general, confine your search to works published in the last ten or twenty years for humanities projects, the last five or ten years for papers in the social and natural sci-ences. You should also evaluate articles and books for their bias, for the critical position and/or methodology they use. Seventh, you need to take careful and accurate notes. You will want to do several kinds of writing during this early stage of the research paper. You probably will want to keep some kind of a journal to record your responses and evaluation of your findings. You will also want to take careful notes on the information that you will use in your paper. If you find sections that you might quote, copy them exactly and record the page numbers. If you rely on photocopies, be sure to copy the bibliographic information too. The passages that you para-phrase need also to be noted carefully. Last but not least you need to make a plan for your paper, a skeletal diagram on how you are going to present your new learned information and views. If your paper will be a long one, an outline will help you to organize your material. Some people will support your point of view, oth-ers willShow MoreRelated 8 Steps In How To Write A Research Paper1102 Words   |  5 Pages Here are 8 steps in how to research a research paper. These 8 steps are easy to follow and will increase your accuracy in researching your paper. These steps are a helping tool for any college or high school student with a long or short paper. Like any other writing project, research writing is a process involving a number of steps. Although you may be overwhelmed at first by the large scope of a research paper, if you break the task into smaller tasks, youll find yourself able to complete evenRead MoreUs History Before 1877 Essay886 Words   |  4 Pages1877 Library paper Directions: Step 1 – Library Hours. Print the hours the library is open and where you found the information. (2 points) I went to sfccmo.edu in my safari browser. Then I clicked on the â€Å"Resource’s for† tab. Next I clicked on the â€Å"Proctor Library† tab. Then I scrolled down and the hours are posted on the far left side of the page. Hours Fall and Spring Semesters 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday-Thursday 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Friday Closed Saturday and Sunday Summer Semester 8 a.m. to 5Read MoreHow To Write A Good Research Paper1057 Words   |  5 PagesA Research Paper is a type of academic writing that needs more theoretical, significant and methodical level of question. Although a research paper is a kind of term paper, some term papers don’t require academic research. Not all research papers can be considered as term papers. An objective of writing a research paper is to allow people to read the work selectively. In order to make an impression over the reader, in other words to make a paper readable following some points should be noted: ï‚ §Read MoreSample Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesSample Essay on FINANCE: How to calculate the return on an investment (ROI) Research Paper Example of Research Paper, Sample essay Without calculating the return on an investment (ROI) is not possible to realize any marketing activity and be sure not to loose capital investments. It is essential for making one’s marketing activity more effective and uniquely productive. ROI can be expressed for different time periods: one year, one month, one week, one day. This makes it a necessary objective analystRead MoreUnit 4 exercise 1 guided reading1574 Words   |  7 Pagessolution. An analysis of the problem, discussing its causes and its effects. A detailed plan that shows step by step how to solve the problem. A costs benefits analysis that that measures the benefits of the plan against its costs. A conclusion that looks to the future and stresses the importance of taking action. 2. When someone wants to solve a problem or present new ideas they will be asked to write a proposal. A solicited proposal responds to the requests for proposals. Then there’s a grant proposalRead MoreDifferent Materials That Are Needed For Best Complete This Project And Have Accurate Results1027 Words   |  5 PagesSatinglo Ice White Thru Body Porcelain Mosaic Random Indoor/Outdoor Floor Tile   Tablespoon Tap water Lipton tea Root Beer Folgers coffee Great Value Lemonade 4 oz. containers Tweezers Hammer Paper towels Lined paper 12 oz. cup Swiss Miss Hot Chocolate stain scale This experiment was developed through research of multiple websites, that are trustworthy websites. These multiple websites had different ways of completing the question about drinks staining teeth. By finding these different websitesRead MoreQuestions On Critical Thinking Assignment Questions951 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is easiest for you and complete it first. Each question will be completed in APA format. This means you will need a title page, abstract, citations, and references. Remember, citations helps support your argument. You may only use the online research school database for your resources. If you use a reference that is not part of the online database, I will not count that as a reference and deduct points. Pay attention to the due dates on the Syllabus. All assignments will be uploaded via D2LRead MoreManagement and Business Plan Outline1301 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿How to Write a Business Plan Writing a business plan may sound simple enough, but it actually takes several dire and crucial steps. According to entrepreneur Darrell Zahorsky, the following steps are all essential in comprising a plan for one’s business: 1. â€Å"Audience Funding Type: When writing a business plan, you must determine who will be reading it. This decision will shape the business plan. Do you plan to go for  debt or equity financing?  Each form of funding for your business has prosRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Narrative Chaining on Memory Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesdo so and then they were asked to write down as many words as possible after 2 minutes. Participants in the experimental group who used narrative chaining remembered a mean of 9.93 words out of 16 words with a mean percentage of 62% of words recalled. Participants in the control group who used maintenance rehearsal remembered a mean of 9.17 words out of 16 words with a mean percentage of 57% of words. The conclusion of the study was that while previous research has shown that narrative chaining doesRead Morethe worst hard time1139 Words   |  5 Pagesdust bowl catastrophe—about how human actions, well-intentioned or not, can lead to envir onmental damage? Is there anything comparable on the horizon today?225). What lessons, if any, have we learned from the dust bowl catastrophe—about how human actions, well-intentioned or not, can lead to environmental damage? Is there anything comparable on the horizon today? Drawing on more contemporary examples of environmental disasters or concerns, write a paper that explores how this debate continues to be

Foundation Of Information Management Systemâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Explain in depth how does the company use Information systems to support or enable its operations, business processes and competitive strategies? What information systems and technologies does your company use in each of its departments? Does the company build its own information systems or does it outsource them? How much of the companys success do you attribute to its use of information systems? What is the role of the CIO in your company? What decisions does s/he make and what is his/her span of authority? How does he set his/her department strategies? Answers: Introducation Amazon is an e-commerce company headquartered in Seattle that operates in different countries. It is distinguished as one of the first e-commerce companies which have contributed to the growth of e-commerce in the world. It was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The company started out as an online bookstore. In 1997, Amazon went public and diversified by adding other items such as electronic, video games, music, DVDs, etc. The company reported its first net profit during the fourth quarter of 2001. The company acquired various companies as its sales and profits continued to soar. In 2007, the company started manufacturing and selling its own branded electronics such as Kindle. It also launched Amazon web services to the public the following year. Since then, the company has made several acquisitions and has launched new initiatives aimed at expanding business operations and improve customer experience (Ritala, 2014). As of January 2017, Amazon was reported to have over 250,000 employees . Amazon is known for its innovations and contribution to e-commerce which has revolutionized the world. Amazon sells various products and services via its website and smartphones applications. The companys products include content provided by third-party sellers and those purchased for resale as well as merchandise (Kanto, 2015). The company also manufactures and sells various electronic devices such as televisions and Kindle. Through its subsidiary, it offers various organic and health food such as eggs, salmon, kale, lettuce, beef, almond butter, avocados, bananas, etc. Its operations are based on three segments: North America, Amazon web services, and International. North America segment involves sales of merchandise and subscriptions via North American websites such as www.amazon.ca. The international segment focuses on sales of products through international websites such as www.amazon.co.jp, www.amazon.co.uk, etc. Amazon Web Services segment involves of AWS services to customers including government agencies and institutions (Cusumano, 2010). Amazon has leveraged technology to drive growth and enhance customer experience. Through its websites, third parties can sell their products. Many small businesses and individual sellers use the companys platform to increase sales and reach new markets. Amazons technological innovations have enabled the company to tailor the shopping experience to each customers preferences. Its online platform offers various features such as book discovery, wish lists, 1-click shopping, among others that are designed to improve customer experience. Overall organization business strategy Amazons business strategy can be defined as diversification which involves leveraging technology to drive business growth and cost leadership strategy focusing on providing the best value to customers at the lowest price possible (Bharadwaj, 2013). The companys strategy is customer oriented and underscores its aim to serve customers by providing a wide selection of products and prioritizing customers needs. The company focuses on using its technological capabilities to execute this strategy in terms of satisfying customers needs by offering low prices, wide selection, and improving convenience of the shopping experience. Information Technology Strategy Explain the IT strategy and how it served to achieve the organization business strategy. Amazons IT strategy involves leveraging emerging technologies and technological innovations to drive business growth and enhance customer experience. Through this strategy, the company has adopted innovation to enhance its operations (Amit, 2012). Since its inception, the company has come up with innovations such as information systems that have played a vital role in reducing operating costs and enhancing the efficiency of business operations (Chaffey, 2007). Amazon has also become a frontrunner in integrating emerging technologies with the aim of improving its operations and enhancing its capability to serve its customers. Amazon uses various information systems support its operations. Information systems are crucial to the companys operations and are considered as a pillar of Amazons IT strategy. This implies that the company upgrades them to align them with the organizational business strategy. Some of the information systems used by the company include web system, transaction processing system, recommendation system, interactive search system, enterprise resource management (ERM) system, customer relationship management (CRM) system, order fulfillment system, and smart analysis search. Web information system provides a platform through which the company and third party sellers can post products they want to sell. The system showcases the products and services offered by the company and supports transactions. Customers can register in the system and buy products or subscribe to content available. The system is integrated with the database which stores user and product details. Customers can search for various products based on categories or keywords and view their description and price. It also incorporates data analytics tool which tailors products displayed on the website based on the purchasing behavior or preferences of customers. A majority of orders are placed via the website which is relatively easy to use for many customers. Through the web system, the company has succeeded in efficiently serving many customers in different countries. The system is based on Service Oriented Architecture which enables the website to be scalable and robust. Order fulfillment system is a vital information system which is used in processing orders and delivering products to customers. The system is separated from the web system but relies on data from the website to fulfill orders. When customers place orders on the website, the order fulfillment system process the inquiry and track the logistics functions to ensure the order is delivered to the right customer. The system supports the companys shipping operations and has played a key role in enhancing the efficiency of the product delivery process. It runs on a large database running on servers and has continuously been renovated in order to scale it to the growing volume of orders. Amazon developed a Smart Analysis Search system to track fraudsters using its websites. The system has been effective in identifying fraudsters and has helped the company to reduce fraud on its website by analysing behavior patterns (Sudarno, 2012). The system allows the company to assess and personalize its services to the customers needs as well as effectively serve customers. A transaction processing system is used to manage the companys business transactions including collecting and modifying transaction data (Thomson, 2012). The system has various features designed to enhance customer experience. Customers are required to create a profile in order to purchase from the website. The system is integrated with the website to improve the transaction process. It offers various features such as wish list and shopping cart. Other features include 1-click purchase, card transaction, email communication, and shopping services tailored to customers preferences. The system also secures transactions by encrypting customers personal information. Amazon developed a recommendation system which uses customers purchasing patterns and searching behavior to recommend items tailored to their preferences. The system involves mining customers data in order to provide the best recommendation (Xiao, 2007). This enhances customer experience and helps in improving sales conversion rate. The company also provides an interactive search system which allows customers to select desired items via search tools available. The companys supply chain activities are managed by customer relation management (CRM) system. The CRM system collects customers information such as credit card details, purchase history, etc., and stores it in the database. It is integrated with the transaction processing system which handles and secures transactions. It also incorporates sales, services, and communication systems. Amazon also uses an enterprise resource management (ERP) system which holds customer information and automates order processing as well as product distribution. The ERP system also decreases the time taken to fulfill orders by reducing distribution mistakes and tracking orders. Amazon has various departments which use a range of information systems to support their operations. These departments include logistics, distribution, IT, and sales and marketing. Logistics and distribution department relies on order fulfilment system, tracking devices, and CRM system. These systems and technologies are key in processing and delivering orders as expected. IT department oversees technology aspects of the company and rely on various technologies and systems such as website, servers, ERM system, etc. With these information systems, the IT department can assess IT operations and ensure they are aligned with the business goals. Sales and marketing department is involved in managing sales and marketing strategy. The staff members in this department use CRM system, transaction processing system, data analytics, and social media platforms to assess sales performance and develop marketing strategies that enable the company to gain value. Amazon develops most of its information systems. Amazon web service is one of the main systems developed by the company to support its operations. The company has leveraged its technological capabilities to innovate and develop robust systems that drive business growth and enhance the efficiency of its operations (Chesbrough, 2011). While the company has outsourced some systems and technologies such as Oracle, most of systems are developed by an in-house team and are aligned with its strategy to ensure organizational objectives are met. Business growth and increase in sales in Amazon have been attributed to its information systems. The companys information systems have been pivotal in reducing operating costs and enhancing the efficiency of the supply chain process (Isckia, 2009). This has enabled the company to effectively serve its customers and improve customer satisfaction. As a result, the company has maintained high repurchase rates and sales conversion rate which has increased its revenues and profits. Additionally, the systems have enabled the company to scale its operations to meet growing market demand (Teece, 2010). Chief Information Officer (CIO) plays an instrumental role in Amazon particularly due to its stature as a technology company. The CIO formulates organizational IT goals and oversees IT operations in the company. CIO works with top-management to develop an IT strategy that aligns with the companys business strategy and growth objectives. He creates a strategic plan to enable the company to gain business value through its technological capabilities and ensures the companys information systems and IT procedures achieve the business goals established (Peppard, 2010). The CIO also works with IT and innovation teams to develop new technologies and systems that can help the company to enhance its efficiency. Also, he is involved in IT risk management and development of information security policies and strategies. Future Solution (Data Mining) Data is a vital asset that can be beneficial to firms when mined. Through data mining, Amazon can gain value from large datasets it possesses. Through affinity analysis, the company can assess items bought by a customer and predict customer behavior based on preferences and purchasing behavior (Kaur, 2016). By leveraging patterns obtained through the data mining process, the company can align its marketing strategies with the predicted customer behavior. This can be vital in increasing sales as the company can effectively personalize its marketing strategy to the customers (Mobasher, 2007). By evaluating customer purchasing patterns and demographics of customers, Amazon can build products that align with customers preferences and optimize its customer targeting strategy based on this intelligence. Additionally, the company can use data mining to retain customers by enhancing customer loyalty. By applying data mining techniques on social media audience, the company can generate ideas for satisfying customers, improving customer engagement, and enhancing the brand (Cortizo, 2011). References Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), 41. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., Venkatraman, N. V. (2013). Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Chaffey, D. (2007).E-business and E-commerce Management: Strategy, Implementation and Practice. Pearson Education. Chesbrough, H. W. (2011). Bringing open innovation to services.MIT Sloan Management Review,52(2), 85. Cortizo, J. C., Carrero, F. M., Gmez, J. M. (2011). Introduction to the special issue: mining social media.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,15(3), 5-8. Cusumano, M. (2010). Cloud computing and SaaS as new computing platforms.Communications of the ACM,53(4), 27-29. Isckia, T., Lescop, D. (2009). Open innovation within business ecosystems: a tale from Amazon. com.Communications and Strategies,74, 37-54. Kantor, J., Streitfeld, D. (2015). Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, 74-80. Kaur, M., Kang, S. (2016). Market Basket Analysis: Identify the changing trends of market data using association rule mining.Procedia Computer Science,85, 78-85. Mobasher, B. (2007). Data mining for web personalization. InThe adaptive web(pp. 90-135). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Peppard, J. (2010). Unlocking the performance of the chief information officer (CIO).California Management Review,52(4), 73-99. Ritala, P., Golnam, A., Wegmann, A. (2014). Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), 236-249. Sudarno, B. E. P. (2012). Analysis Tracking Online Payment System.International Journal Of Scientific Technology Research (IJSTR) Volume,1. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation.Long range planning,43(2), 172-194. Thomson, A., Diamond, T., Weng, S. C., Ren, K., Shao, P., Abadi, D. J. (2012, May). Calvin: fast distributed transactions for partitioned database systems. InProceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data(pp. 1-12). ACM. Xiao, B., Benbasat, I. (2007). E-commerce product recommendation agents: use, characteristics, and impact.MIS quarterly,31(1), 137-209.

Women in Contemporary Society an Example by

Women in Contemporary Society In the contemporary society women are placing a lot of emphasis on their wedding ceremony instead of their marriage which is seen to bring out problems after the wedding ceremony. This has led to more weddings with few lasting marriages since the women spend most of their time in arranging for and organizing for their wedding ceremonies. There are reality shows like The Bachelor and The Bachelorette in which winning a great wedding party seems to be the motivating factor instead of having a wonderful and lasting marriage. Need essay sample on "Women in Contemporary Society" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Marriages are seen to break even before the wedding sensation is over. In Style s March 2001 issue a celebrity actor Thorne-Smith is featured in her wedding dress on its cover and even before the issue is out, the actor is already in the process of divorcing. This shows that women are only interested on fancy weddings and not the main reason behind the wedding which is marriage. Relationships are also seen to be true only when there will be a wedding ceremony. This is because women concentrate less on the development of a strong relationship since it can only be true if there is a wedding ceremony leading to even more divorce cases soon after the weddings. Women are concerned in expensive weddings and they assume that the more expensive a wedding is the more likely the marriage will last and this is not entirely true. Women are also seen to be given a chance in decision making and this is evident from the arrangements that the women engage in for their wedding ceremonies. There are even magazines and TV shows to assist the women in making the decisions about their wedding parties from the dresses to the wedding cake. This shows that women are good and keen on minor details that affect the outcome of their wedding party as almost every woman seems to plan for a celebrity wedding regardless of their financial status. Works Cited Style. March 2001. Verta Taylor, Nancy Whittier , Leila Rupp. Feminist Frontiers. McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2008.

Feasibility Study on Childrens Entertainment Centre

Feasibility Study on Childrens Entertainment Centre Background Information As a leading commercial hub, Dubai is bulging with vast world-class business opportunities that have enabled it to become a major business attraction for both established and upcoming entrepreneurs in the world.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Feasibility Study on Children’s Entertainment Centre specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a matter of fact, the UAE business centre provides vast business opportunities to both local and foreign investors planning to invest in the UAE region (Marchal 2005). As a result of its strong economical platform, the centre enjoys all the advantages that come with highly developed economies around the world. The centre is also known for its well ordered business climate that offers entrepreneurs attractive environments to conduct their businesses. Among other key developments, Dubai enjoys a sophisticated financial sector, modern telecommunications, first cl ass hospitality facilities, highly developed transport and communication infrastructure, and reliable power utilities (Michael et al. 2011). All these opportunities have continued to play a significant role in facilitating quality and efficiency business activities in the UAE region, thus making Dubai a pro-business environment. Based on these reasons, Dubai has emerged as a key business attraction for many investors planning to do business in the Middle East. For the purpose of exposing the vast business opportunities that can be found in Dubai, this paper provides a business strategy guide for an organization that plans to establish a shopping mall in the region. In this regard, I have been hired together with other four people to serve as strategic consultants for the company in its investment plan. Each one of us is expected to handle a specific component of the feasibility study and I am responsible for the kids’ entertainment zone that will feature a Franchise Lego.Adve rtising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper will address four key elements of feasibility study in regard with my choice of brand. The four elements are brand analysis and choice, market analysis and segmentation, operating model, and performance measures. Brand Analysis and Choice As it would be observed, entertainment zones for both adults and children in malls are emerging as hotspots for many people across the world today (Keivani, Parsa Younis 2003). These zones provide all sorts of entertainment to different categories of people visiting the malls for various reasons. There is no doubt that children entertainment zones feed off the traffic in the shopping malls and vice versa, thus serving as key attraction for different types of consumers visiting the malls (El-Adly 2007). In this regard, indoor entertainment and gaming for young children act as crowd pullers for other businesses in the malls. This clearly explains the reason why most mall developers have turned to entertainment zones currently. The idea of building malls with entertainment zones for young children has been taking place in many developed countries across the world, and Dubai has now embraced the trend in its development plans (Rashid 2007). The business centre in the UAE has been placing considerable focus on indoor entertainment zones as a core requirement that should be integrated in their state-of-the-art architectural designs and plans (Rehman 2008). As a matter of fact, mall developers in the region will rarely erect a modern business premise without including a one-stop entertainment and recreation zone for children. The brand chosen for this assignment is a Kid’s entertainment zone that will form part of the new shopping mall. As a leading business hub in the world, Dubai offers a wide range of entertainment for all categories of people in the family, inclu ding children and toddlers (Hill Jain 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Feasibility Study on Children’s Entertainment Centre specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business investors in Dubai understand the many benefits associated with leisure for kids, thus ensuring there are as many modern children entertainment zones as possible to cater for the needs of the young ones in the society. As it would be observed, children in Dubai enjoy all kinds of indoor funfair from various places of interest in the region, with malls forming the largest part of the zones offering these services (Duane Webb 2007). Apart from fun, these entertainment zones also provide excellent and unique children educational activities to the participants in a more engaging manner, thus helping them to master important lessons that will see them through the initial developmental stages of life. Entertainment and gaming for young childre n is gaining much popularity in Dubai nowadays, probably as a result of the many benefits associated with the trend. As a matter of fact, this popularity has attracted the interest of many entrepreneurs planning to invest in the region, who have been setting up entertainment zones in malls and other strategic points of the city (Ong 2011). The choice for the children entertainment centre is an indoor Franchise Lego land that would comprise of various kid activities. Here, toddlers will have access of all activities meant to amuse children of all ages. Among the main areas that will make up the centre is an indoor soft play area where activities such as amusement riding, biking, and driving can take place. There will also a bowling alley and a video game arcade that would feature both motion-gaming and console-gaming.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The facility will also feature a Baby Gym nursery that will enable kids to enjoy maximum fitness from various play materials, a First Aid kid clinic to take care of minor injuries resulting from careless play, and a children’s bookstore from where the youngsters can practice reading. All these gaming activities will provide children with a unique and fascinating learning experience in a number of ways (Grodal 2000). For example, this will enable the kids establish their individual as well as social identities that are essential for perfect child development. Moreover, the activities will play a key role in enhancing the thought processes of the participants, thus stimulating their desire to experience and seek knowledge. Market Analysis and Segmentation We are living in a changing world, and it is therefore important for modern day investors to be familiar with all the aspects that would tend to influence the trends of consumers and competitors so as to maximize their busines s operations in the market. As it would be observed, the gaming and entertainment industry is at its top stage currently, and this provides great business opportunities for the investors in the field. Investment in the gaming and entertainment sector has become a norm for many developing and developed countries in the world, considering the vast economical benefits associated with the trend. As a leading international business centre, Dubai has been making substantial efforts to match other developed regions of the world in providing business opportunities to the people in the industry by promoting the idea of children entertainment centres in malls (Saxena 2011). Just like any other business, Franchise of children’s activity is fetching a lot of income for the investors taking place in the field within the UAE’s business centre. The trend of gaming and entertainment for kids is gripping in Dubai as a result of the centre’s outstanding status as a global busines s hub as well as a pros of additional services may include things such as recreational services, birthday parties, and special treatment for kids. Charges may also vary depending on the nature of the services offered. For example, supervised children engagement in the centre whereby the kids are accompanied by their parents or guardians will not cost the same as unsupervised engagements where a staff aligned to the centre is given the responsibility to take care of the children. Obviously, charges for the latter should be a bit higher compared to the ones in those scenarios where children play under the watch of their parents or guardians. More importantly, the children entertainment centre should operate on both peak and off-peak costs based on the days of operation. There is no doubt that the business will tend to attract varied numbers of customers on different times. For instance, while the number of children visiting the centre may remain constant during weekdays, it is likely to go up on weekends and during public holidays when most parents are free to take their children out for leisure. As it would be observed, the price of commodities and services in the market depends on a number of variables (Mellahi, Demirbag Riddle 2011). For example, the price for both commodities and services are likely to rise when demand increases and fall when the demand falls. On the same note, the cost of charges for different gaming programs in the entertainment centre should be a bit higher on weekends and during public holidays when the number of visitors is high, compared to the weekdays when the number is down. Performance Measures The children entertainment centre should adopt various performance measures that would enable it survive in today’s competitive business environment. There is no doubt that every business in today’s business world is focused on utilizing all available resources to stay ahead of competitors in the market. While offering excelle nt services to customers is likely to offer a strong competitive advantage to the gaming and entertainment business, doing things in a different manner will steer the business to greater heights in the market. This objective can be attained through the provision of gaming concepts that appeal most to children during this era of modern technological advancements. More importantly, the provision of a wide array of customizable entertainment experiences that comprise of friendly and intuitive playing options will play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of the business (Voelpel, Leibold Tekie 2004). Another way through which the business can operate differently and stabilize itself in the market is by offering its entertainment services for children at a lowered cost. This objective can be achieved by offering gaming services at a cost slightly lower than the ones provided by competitors in the market. There are various approaches that can be used to measure the performance of businesses to determine whether they are making a progress in the market (Kochan et al. 2003). For instance, the management of the children entertainment centre can apply the observation method to read the facial expressions of the customers and try to determine their perceptions about the services they have received. This approach can also be used to assess people’s satisfaction based on how frequent they visit the centre. The business can also supply customers and clients with survey templates which they can fill up and return to the company expressing their views about the services their children have received from the entertainment centre. Brief oral interviews can also be carried out randomly on parents to determine their views and suggestions on the services provided. All these interventions will play a significant role in helping the business achieve great success in the UAE business centre. Reference List Acuto, M 2010, ‘High-rise Dubai urban entrepreneurialism and the technology of symbolic power’, Cities, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 272-284. Darby, R, Jones, J Al Madani, G 2003, ‘E-commerce marketing: fad or fiction? Management competency in mastering emerging technology. An international case analysis in the UAE’, Logistics Information Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 106-113. Duane, R Webb, J 2007, ‘Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating competitive advantage through streams of innovation’, Business Horizons, vol. 50, no.1, pp. 49-59. El-Adly, M 2007, ‘Shopping malls attractiveness: a segmentation approach’, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 936-950. Grodal, T 2000, ‘Video games and the pleasures of control’, Media Entertainment: The Psychology of Its Appeal, vol. 35, no. 26, pp. 197-213. Hill, C Jain, A 2007, International business: Competing in the global marketplace, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, NY. Kaplan, R Norton, D 2001, The strateg y-focused organization: How balanced scorecard companies thrive in the new business environment, Harvard Business Press, Boston, USA. Keivani, R, Parsa, A Younis, B 2003, ‘Development of the ICT sector and urban competitiveness: the case of Dubai’, Journal of Urban Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 19-46. Kochan, T, Bezrukova, K, Ely, R, Jackson, S, Joshi, A, Jehn, K Thomas, D 2003, ‘The effects of diversity on business performance: Report of the diversity research network’, Human resource management, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 3-21. Marchal, R 2005, ‘Dubai: global city and transnational hub’, Transnational connections and the Arab Gulf, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 93. Mellahi, K, Demirbag, M Riddle, L 2011, ‘Multinationals in the Middle East: Challenges and opportunities’, Journal of World Business, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 406-410. Michael, I., Armstrong, A., Badran, B., King, B 2011, ‘Dubai outbound tourism: An exploratory study of Emiratis and expatriates’, Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 83-91. Noack, S 2007, Doing business in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates, McGraw-Hill, New York. Ong, A 2011, Introduction: worlding cities, or the art of being global, Wiley†Blackwell, New York. Rashid, H 2007, ‘Performing Elegance’, Architectural Design, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 76-81. Rehman, A 2008, Dubai Co: global strategies for doing business in the Gulf states, McGraw-Hill, New York. Saxena, R 2011, Dubai mall: a multipurpose destination in the Middle East, Wiley†Blackwell, New York. Venaik, S, Midgley, D Devinney, T 2005, ‘Dual paths to performance: The impact of global pressures on MNC subsidiary conduct and performance’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 655-675. Voelpel, S, Leibold, M Tekie, E 2004, ‘The wheel of business model reinvention: how to reshape your business model to leapfrog competitors, Journal of Change Manage ment, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 259-276. Vogel, H 2010, Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.

Pond Water Essays

Pond Water Essays Pond Water Essay Pond Water Essay Pond Water TITLE: By: Jacob O’Connor November 21, 2011 Jennifer Mertz BIO 101 SEC 3A Mid Michigan Community College HYPOTHESIS: If the pond water is not treated and is good quality water then there will be new organisms and plant life in the pond water ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to observe and understand what occurs in a sample of pond water over the course of six weeks. Over the six weeks there were qualitative and quantitative data found and recorded. The qualitative data recorded entailed: Water color and smell as well as suspended solids ranging from clear, opaque, and turbid. The quantitative data that was recorded regarded: Temperature, pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, Chlorine, as well as, Nitrate, and Nitrite. There were also two views of microscope observations. This report will explain and go into detail regarding the results of the observation of the pond water. INTRODUCTION: MATERIALS: 1. Water 9. Slide covers 2. Soil/Grass 10. Plant grow lights 3. Jar 11. Lab Manuel Books 4. Microscope 12. Nail 5. Thermometer 13. Hammer 6. Water quality test strips 14. Tape 7. Pipette 15. Nitrate/Nitrite strips 8. Slides 16. Lab Manual METHODS: Located in a 16 oz clear glass or plastic jar. Took the lid of the jar off and punctured holes in it metal lids are usually est, because you can use a hammer and a larger nail to puncture holes; where as a plastic lid tends to crack with a hammer and nail. Found a pond that contained water year round. Filled the jar 3/4 full with pond water. Added a 1/2 inch of sediment from the bottom of the pond. Also, added a small amount of dead grass or leaves to the jar. Prevented spillage while traveling, by placing a paper towel or plastic wrap between the top of the jar and then gently screwed the lid on over the plastic. Once in the lab, label the pond water using a stick on label with your name, instructor’s name, class section, and the date of when the pond water was collected which was on 10/05/11. Then each week for 6 weeks this data was recorded, the water color, the smell, suspended solids such as clear opaque, and turbid, the temperature was recorded each week using Celsius, the pH level, total alkalinity, total hardness, total chlorine, and free chlorine.

Human behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Human behavior - Essay Example My family has historically believed ensuring high morality levels. For this reason, they take time to teach us some of the most basic moral principles necessary for enabling us to live a fulfilling life. This makes the day special. Some of the factors that have shaped my personal and family history emanate from high religious values. The family’s social life is based on the creation of an appropriate self-image, which has had an influence on my friendships, thereby determining my identity in society. Traditionally, the meeting we have with our family members in my grandparents’ home essentially enables us to uphold moral values, most importantly providing us with skills that enable us to take care of some of the personal differences we might be having between us. This consideration comprises of one of the aspects that have molded me into being a responsible individual. Conversely, the tradition has made it possible for the family to exercise responsibility over the lives of other members, making it possible for everyone to lead fulfilling

Customer Satisfaction and Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Satisfaction and Demand - Essay Example (Macrae 1991) Although there is a strong case for privatization of industry, in many countries the political forces of welfarism were far too strong to turn such public monopolies into private enterprises. Many governments found a via media approach, in deregulation of industries. This is the process by which governments removed restrictions on businesses in order to encourage competition that would not only improve efficiency and lower prices but also protect the rights of the consumers. For instance, the board for public utilities of Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada states its mission as: "ensuring the state's public are well served in a changing environment, achieving an equitable balance between the interests of consumers and service providers in the electric utility, automobile insurance, petroleum products and motor carrier industries." ("Newfoundland & Labrador Board " 2005). Similarly, in its 2006 Handbook, the department of Consumer Affairs - Industry, Canada has given useful tips not only to save money on their utility bills, usage of natural resources responsibly and protecting the environment but also contacts and mechanisms for redressal of grievances in case of problems with public utilities. ("Canadian Consumer Handbook" 2006) The argument for total deregulation was that the regulated industries often influenced the government regulatory bodies tilting the scales in their interests. Although the regulatory bodies might have started functioning independently, many of them have fallen prey to the industries they sought to regulate and were in many cases influenced by them. Ironically the same pattern could be discerned even in the process of deregulation. Some of the perceived failures of deregulation have found favor with the proponents of re-regulation for a calibrated approach for each case separately and in consonance with the winds of change that are sweeping across businesses such as liberalization and globalization of markets. According to the 1989-1992 Electricity Act, British consumers can choose their electricity supplier. Regional electricity companies not only have to meet the standards specified in the act but also face fierce completion from others. It is no different for water companies. They face enhanced pressure for improved customer service, reduced wastage and environmental damage. The standards of service are driven not by the regulator but by the industry and customer expectations. The challenge would be to achieve high levels standards to meet heightened consumer expectations without increasing costs. Public utilities long considered slow and unresponsive to the market are forced into making investments to remedy their shortcomings. (Mansell-Lewis 1994). Customer satisfaction: It is well known that customer satisfaction largely leads to customer loyalty. Loyal customers bring in a higher share of their expenditure, repeat business, referrals and word-of-mouth publicity. As deregulation and liberalization increases the number of players competing in an industry, the net effect for the service providers is heightened customer expectations. According to a national opinion polls (NOP) survey commissioned by Olista, a 'service experience assurance' company, users who encounter problems while using mobile data services would simply give up rather than seek assistance. The report is headlined "impatient mobile data users aren't prepared to give operators a

Social scientific approach Essay Example for Free

Social scientific approach Essay Topic: What according to Whitelam (1998), Dutcher-Walls (2009) and Steinberg (1995) is a social scientific approach to the OT? How does this approach help us understand Judges 9 better? Introduction: The aim of social scientific criticism, as a subfield of biblical exegesis, is to study the biblical materials as a reflection of their cultural setting. The meaning and/or the social background of the text are thus more fully illumined by the exercise of sociological and anthropological methods and theories. The era of modern social-scientific research began in the late 19th century with the work of Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, and Herbert Spencer. Their social theories created an atmosphere of curiosity about the human condition and advanced the evolutionary perspective that had taken hold with the writing of Charles Darwin. As sociology and anthropology emerged as separate sciences. Social scientific criticism is an interpretive method that uses heuristic models from the social sciences to understand the social context of ancient Israel and to interpret texts create within that context. From 1960’s there develops some of the Social groups, cultural relationships, patterns of behaviour, political structures which all of them are under the topic social criticism. As I have stated above that in 19th century many of the scholars were very much interested on the issue of social. In 1970 they were uses of the social criticism methods from variety of situations, and especial the one of sociology , which stress the life between social behavior of the people during the time of the old testament. Which has emerged is how scholars might have access to the ancient past and the multifaceted social world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean. The quest of the social world of the bible Those who were travelling from the east they reported about the culture that hey were seeing in different with the one of the western culture. Exactly after the important influence from the Palestine archeology of the nation , when they publish the thing. For the early scholar this things about the quest of the social world became an important thing for them to consider. For them to understand the west text, they reconstruct the history and the social , which is out of the bible. They tried to study in order to understand the social and political from the bronze age from Palestine , of the time of the roman empire. The bible and its social world In order to understand the different directions which now characterize the new quest, it is important to understand the convergence of a series of influential trends whose combined force has transformed biblical studies in the latter part of the twentieth century. It was the result of the convergence of new intellectual currents in psychoanalysis, linguistics and philosophy which helped undermine the authority and the stability of established disciplines and their previously thought assured results. The rise to prominence of newer literary studies within biblical studies was part of this general movement. The publication of Robert Alter;s The Art of Biblical Narrative and David Gunns The Fate of King Saul and The Story of King David had a profound effect on the way in which biblical narratives were read as artful constructions. Thus the books of Samuel, for instance, were increasingly understood as skilful and serious literature rather than primary sources for the monarchy of Saul and David. Many biblical books which had previously been considered to be historical, in the sense that they preserved a reasonably accurate picture of the history of ancient Israel or later communities, became the subject of detailed literary treatments. Furthermore, developments in historical studies in general, allied to increasing archaeological data from the region, raised serious questions about the world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean as it had been understood. The result was a general disillusionment with previous historical studies, which were seen to be too limited in scope or theologically motivated. The search for the social world of the Bible since the nineteenth century had been closely identified with the history of Israel through to the first century C E. The gradual and ever-increasing erosion of this history, its increasing divorce from the biblical texts was the catalyst for fresh attempts to explore and reconstruct the social world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean world. The appeal to the social sciences was an attempt to recover the many aspects of society which were not mentioned in the texts but which formed an essential element in the social world from which they emerged. The appeal to archaeology, sociology and anthropology, in particular, was seen as addressing some of the deficiencies in the biblical texts as sources for their own social world. This was paralleled by an increasing interest in the social production of the biblical literature, its ideological aspects, the factional disputes which lay behind it and the social and political world it represented or reflected. The trends and directions in current research which constitute the new search for the social world of the Bible are much too varied a phenomenon to be categorized by a single phrase such as the sociological approach. It is ironic that the new search for the social world of the Bible, initiated by Mendenhall and Gottwald, has resulted in a redefinition of the biblical period which has severely restricted its chronological limits. Earlier in the century, it was understood as stretching over two millennia from the early second millennium to the end of the first century CE. The impact of literary studies, which increasingly questioned the relationship of the complex of biblical narratives from Genesis to 2 Kings to history, has undermined confidence in the construction of vast periods of Israelite history. The result has been the loss of the Patriarchal and Conquest periods from many historical accounts and an increasingly fierce debate over the nature of the settlement and early monarchic periods. Ironically, therefore, the very search for the world of the Bible which informed many of these revisionist studies of the history of Israel has resulted in the removal of several centuries previously attributed to that world. The conviction that the Hebrew Bible was the product of the Persian and Hellenistic periods has underpinned this radical shift. R. P. Carroll states baldly what many biblical scholars have been coming to accept for a long time: The Hebrew Bible is the product of the second Temple period. This ought to be an uncontentious statement, but I imagine some unreconstructed biblical scholars may wish to contest it in favour of a First Temple period origin for the Bible with some appendices from the time of the second Temple. While I can see that there may be something to be said for the view that the Bible contains fragments of material from before the collapse of the temple in the sixth century, the claim that the Bible as we know it (i. . the fully redacted final form of the various books constituting it) comes from the Second Temple period seems to me ungainsayable. The implications of this conviction are highlighted by P. R. Davies when he writes of the desire to see the biblical period properly defined as the period in which the Bible was written or, more correctly, when the literature in its biblical form was compo sed, since by its very nature, the Bible, being a collection of scriptures, was not written, but ratified by consent or decree or both (and thus, of course, the term biblical authors is also misleading). The implication of this now widespread conviction, a return to the position of Wellhausen in many ways; is that if the Bible is the product of the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman periods, then the search for the social world of the Bible should be restricted to those periods. The key problem which has emerged, and which dominates all attempts to understand the social world of the Bible, is the complex relationship between texts and their social worlds. The legacy of literary studies has been to undermine confidence in the assumption that the world of the texts coincided with the views of the past they portrayed. However, dating the final form of these texts to the Persian and Hellenistic periods or first-century Roman Palestine does not solve the problem of their relationship to the socio-historical backgrounds or ideological influences which shaped them. The methodological problems have multiplied and sharpened on how to investigate periods where there is insufficient (literary) evidence, particularly for the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, and how to bridge the gap between text and social reality in the Persian to Roman periods. The biblical traditions can no longer be understood as simple reflections of earlier historical reality. Rather they offer a valuable insight into perceptions of that reality from particular points of view at the time of the writers. This is not to suggest that such texts may not preserve some authentic memories and information about the past but these are increasingly difficult to assess. The relationship between the text and society is considerably more complex than the common binary opposition between literature and society, text and context. For example, the social practices presented in a text may not correspond to any such practices in reality: they may be an attempt to subvert current social practices. How far a text subverts the dominant or some other perception of reality or represents a dominant view depends on its relationship to other pieces of literature, monuments, artefacts, etc. that can reveal important comparative information about social attitudes or perceptions of reality. Many New Testament scholars, in particular, have appealed to the social sciences in order to try to understand the implications of key concepts in New Testament literature in terms of its wider social setting. However, Carroll offers an important reminder of the inherent difficulties in such attempts to move from textual levels to social world. It is ironic that as the focal point of the social world of the Bible has shifted from the Iron Age to Persian, it has become evident that very little is known about the social and historical background of the Second Temple period. It is for this reason that scholars appeal to social-scientific studies and data in order to try to make sense of the fragmentary and partial textual and art factual data available. Carroll concludes that the gap between texts and the real world remains as unbridgeable as ever. 16 However, the biblical texts offer access to the privileged conception of reality of a literate stratum of society revealing little or nothing of the sub-literate culture, to use Eric Hobsbawms phrase, or the deep-seated movements of history. As such, the value of these texts as a source for the historian is not so much in terms of the past they purport to describe but as such an insight. They are important, therefore, as much for what they choose to leave out as for what they include. The multi-layered nature of the texts, their adaptability and vitality means that the historian needs to ask how they shaped and were shaped by their different contexts, what audiences they address, and what other possible constructions of the past they deny and thereby silence. The appeal to social scientific models and data drawn from social and cultural anthropology, sociology, economics, politics, archaeology or cultural studies has been instrumental in helping to uncover the social world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean. Society and history There are more inclusive history of Palestine, but though it cannot rely on the perspective of the elite. They were people of late bronze age and its transition was very much slow and poor. They were mixing up of the local , Palestine and Egyptian history and the society, were the interpretation of the text and the languages used sometimes were not that easy as they were staying together. The quest for the social world of the Bible has been one of the major goals of biblical scholarship since the early nineteenth century. Travellers reports from the Middle East of a culture radically different from that of the West; along with the increasing excitement of reports in the national press of archaeological discoveries in Palestine; captivated audiences across Europe and the USA. Such developments offered the prospect of revealing the world from which the Bible had emerged in the ancient past. Monumental works such as George Adam Smiths historical geography of Palestine brought alive an ancient landscape on which the biblical events were played out. At the same time; biblical scholars were trying to reconstruct the history and social contexts out of which the Bible arose in order to understand a foundational text for Western culture. The critical methods which emerged were designed to date and locate the biblical texts, or their constituent parts; in specific historical contexts in order to reveal their meaning.

The Global Leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan Essay -- Business Niss

The Global Leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan In 1999, the Nissan was suffering under a decade of decline and unprofitability, in fact the company was on the verge of bankruptcy, with continuous loses for the past eight years resulting in debts of approx. $22 billion. Elements impacting Nissan’s performance prior to the global alliance with Renault Internal factors: Emphasis on short-term market share growth instead of a long term success strategy; Advanced engineering and technology, plant productivity, quality management. However, less attention was given to design and innovation, on the assumption that consumers were looking for quality and safety. This implies a lack of knowledge of the market, consumer’s changing tastes, and showed that Nissan management did not pay too much attention to what competition was doing. External factors: The devaluation of yen from 100 to 90 yen for a US dollar; Moody’s and Standard & Poors’s rating agencies announced in 1999 that Nissan would be lowered from investment grade to junk unless it could not get any financial support. Both formal and informal internal procedural Nissan norms, as well as Japanese cultural norms were holding the company back. Through keiretsu investments Nissan management believed would foster loyalty and cooperation between members of the value chain, hence they invested in real estate and suppliers’ companies. 4 billion US dollars were invested in stock shares of other companies as part of keiretsu philosophy. Nissan Company strategic alliance with French auto car manufacturer Renault was mutually beneficial for both companies, each of them expanding portfolio and becoming more competitive in the context of globalized mature automobile market. With Renault assuming a stake of 36.8% at Nissan, the latter would retain its investment grade status. The alliance enabled Renault to penetrate and expand in international markets that it was looking for - Asia and North America. In turn, Nissan would gain market share in South America. The Japanese car manufacturer agreed to the Global Alliance Agreement in March 1991, provided it would keep the company’s name, the Nissan Board of Directors would select the CEO, and it would also be responsible for implementing the company’s revival plan. The Renault alliance with Nissan injected the needed cash and revolutionized the stagnated ... ...tomakers with an 11.1% operating profit margin and more than 21% ROIC . A future customer-focused plan, Quality 3-3-3 is to be implemented as of 2005, with emphasis on three categories of quality: product attractiveness, product initial quality and reliability, and sales & service quality. The key success factors of the Nissan turnaround were: 1. Vision. The meaningful progress achieved was due to the vision that Ghosn successfully shared at all levels of the company that was clear and adopted. 2. Strategy. Management’s responsibility was to define the business strategy, and make sure it is deployed at every level of the company; everybody knew what was the contribution that was expected from him or from her for the company. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people committed to the turnaround from the top: personal commitment, team commitment coming from the top down. For sure the changes were not easy to implement, but the clear vision brought that people were motivated to bring to life, and the results that showed off rapidly, gave Ghosn credibility, making people feel safe about the company. The vision, strategy, commitment and results guaranteed the success of Nissan’s turnaround.

Food Article Summary Response

â€Å"Serves Us Right† by Phoebe Damrosch describes the occupation of waiting as overlooked, treated badly, and in need of some change. We pay attention to and adore the rock star chefs, yet we often ignore those who deal with our food most, our waiters. Waiters in America are undertrained and treated poorly. Waiters work unpredictable schedules for unpredictable pay which depends heavily on tipping. They often do not receive work benefits such as health care and paid sick leave(1). As a result the quality of waiting is not great, because it is not a good job to hold, and there is a large turnover of new employees(2). Restaurants can improve the quality of waiting in America if they were to provide training and benefits(2). Damrosch suggests that removing tipping in exchange for a service charge paid by the employers would result in better service. Damrosch states that â€Å"The service charge shifts the focus from the money to the experience†(1). The occupation of waiting in its current state is sub par because the working conditions are sub par; waiter working conditions must be improved before work quality can too. Phoebe Damrosch makes many great points and is correct in her statements about the occupation of waiting and the occupation of waiting needs some changes for the better. Waiters and waitresses have some of the most unpredictable hours and schedules, making it difficult to schedule and lead their lives outside of their occupation. On top of that, they are underpaid; most waiters only make minimum wage and their salary is determined by how much they receive through tipping. Waiting is not a simple occupation either, it takes a lot of work and effort especially when it is busy to try and attend to all their customers. Taking orders, refilling drinks, making sure everything is OK, as well as delivering food from the kitchen requires a lot of multitasking skills and focus. I agree with Damrosch that tipping is instrumental in the failure of good service. With their already low wages, waiters and waitresses rely heavily on tipping, that means getting the customers in and out as fast as possible. This attitude towards working neglects the overall experience of each customer. Damrosch questions whether tipping should be held in practice anymore, and I completely agree. Removing tipping and boosting the base salary of waiters and waitresses would allow them to focus more on doing a good job instead of scrambling around trying to work as fast they can to receive more money from tipping each night. Most waiters and waitresses do not receive health care or other benefits either further adding to the list of negatives. All in all, Damrosch is correct, the occupation of waiting is one that is a lot of work, and hardly worth it. Too many negatives exist to keep people interested in waiting. For those that do practice waiting as their occupation, there is little motivation to do their job well. This job sees a lot of overturn as a result, so training becomes impractical and good service is becoming rare. The existence of tipping shifts the focus from providing quality service to trying to make as much money as possible. Waiting is hard work and improving the conditions of waiting is necessary before any improvement in the quality of work can be expected to be seen. Works Cited Damrosch, Pheobe. â€Å"Serves Us Right†. New York Times  September, 19, 2009: 1-2.

Gender †Wage Gap Essay

Within Australia’s workforce history, there has been a strong presence of the gender wage gap between men and women. The differences in wages between men and women still seem to persist in today’s society (Sap 1993). A study by van Wanrooy (2009) suggests that even though there is an increase of women in the labour market, they still have the caring responsibilities, looking to juggle work and family. Throughout the workforce, there is still a significant barrier present which suggests that the ‘male breadwinner’ is still the evident employment model in Australia (van Wanrooy 2009). Women seem to have a people and family first approach to work, while men tend to respect their work life and value money more (Pon and Nyhus 2012).Women’s struggle within the labour market often results from the lack of bargaining power within their chosen occupation and their skills (Preston and Jefferson 2007). Firstly, this essay will discuss the relationship between bargaining power and the current issue of the gender wage gap within Australia. This essay will explore the reasons as to why women struggle to bargain with their employers on the issue of wages and fair working conditions. Secondly, this essay with explore why the difference in personality traits between men and women contribute to the gender wage gap. A striking explanation for the present gender wage gap within the Australian workforce is the lack of bargaining power that women currently hold in their workplaces. Within Australia, women generally work in low paid and low skill occupations. This in turn limits their access to representation and strong bargaining power when it comes to negotiating pay outcomes, particularly in part time jobs (van Wanrooy 2009). As previously stated, women tend to work in low skilled jobs which then disadvantages their bargaining power. Van Wanrooy (2009) states that those people with high skill levels within their occupation are seen to have more confidence and motivation towards bargaining for more desirable pay and work conditions. Furthermore, this  suggests that men have a higher bargaining power over women. This is due to the fact that 46% of women are more likely to be given work in a lower skilled job compared to the low 36% of men that are employed in low skilled jobs (van Wanrooy 2009). This then gives men a greater opportunity to bargain for better wages, while decreasing women’s contingency to narrow the gender wage gap through bargaining power. The segmentation of women into low paid jobs and occupations has clearly limited access to bargaining power, and resulted in women relying on minimum wages distributed through the reward system (van Wanrooy 2009). In a study by Frino and Whitehouse (2003) , it is also seen that with the over representation of women in the award only sector, this clearly disadvantages women in seeking higher bargaining power and doesn’t decrease the persistent gender wage gap. As female workers are more likely to work in industries with 100 employees or less, this jeopardises the chance to gain bargaining power to negotiate wages through union s. This is due to the fact that there is a lower chance of unions to be present in smaller businesses (van Wanrooy 2009). This creates an issue for women as they are the ones that need protection and the bargaining power of the unions. While women in low skilled occupations are less likely to be union members, union membership is almost doubled when it comes to men in the same occupation (van Wanrooy 2009). With women in low qualified jobs, less likely to be union members, this impacts their ability to collaborate with their employers over the issue in the wage gap between genders. Within the labour market, it is demonstrated that because of the difference in personality traits between genders, women are often less rewarded then men (Pon and Nyhus 2011). In the labour rmarket, earnings, employment, promotion and productivity can all be influenced by personality traits (Linz and Semykina 2010). As employees, personality traits determine the amount of effort and productivity brought forward in the workplace, influencing the way they act towards incentives (Pon and Nyhus 2011). According to Pon and Nyhus (2011), women tend to be more cautious and less competitive compared to men. The lack of competitiveness by women can then lead to women staying in a particular job for longer, accepting the lower salary, not wanting to compete for other high paying jobs. As women are found to be the most  agreeable in the workforce compared to men (Pon and Nyhus 2011), this reflects upon women negatively as they are more willing to agree to first offers by employers, most often resulting agreeing to a low paid job. Personality difference and behaviours between men and women could potentially grow to wage differences and could partly explain the gender wage gap (Pon and Nythus 2011). Interesting findings from a study conducted by Hogue, Singleton and Yoder (2007) identified that women are found to hold beliefs about themselves that include having a lower self worth and a depressed entitlement. This is then reflects a lower social status, but when their status is lifted, their wage entitlement also lifts. Whereas men believe that they deserve higher wages even though their abilities and performance may not reflect worthy of a higher wage (Hogue, Singleton and Yoder 2007). On average, women are less emotionally stable compared to their male counterparts, with emotionally stable people predicted to earn more than those that are emotionally unstable (de Jong and Need 2008). This could begin to explain why women are being paid less and why the gender wage gap is still prevalent in today’s society. De Jong and Need (2008) also found within their study that people who class themselves as sociable expect to earn less than those that are more career orientated. On average, women tend to be more sociable then men (de Jong and Need 2008). It is also evident that those who are more intellectual receive higer wages, with men tending to be more intellectual than women (de Jong and Need 2008). These three personality traits that affect a person’s earning and wages could be linked to the gender wage gap as women who are emotionally unstable and more sociable would be less career focused and motivated compared to men in their workplace. In summary, there are many explanations for the current gender wage gap in Australia. This essay has revealed two in depth explanations as to why the gender wage gap still persists. From the use a previous research, this essay has identified those two explanations, the lack of bargaining power of women and the influence of personality traits on income, as accurate explanations of why the gender wage gap is still evident in society today. Each arguments are valid within Australia’s workforce and suggest that further research  should be conducted to identify further trends of the gender wage gap, and possibly enforce new rules and regulations to help combat the gender wage gap and promote equity between male and female employees. REFERNCES Frino, B & Whitehouse, G 2008, ‘Women, wages and Industrial Agreements’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 579-596, viewed 27th April 2012, via Informit Hogue, M, Yoder, JD & Singleton, SB 2007, ‘The Gender Wage Gap: An explanation of men’s elevated wage entitlement’, Sex Roles, vol. 56, no. 9-10, pp. 573-579, viewed 01st May 2012, SpringerLink, DOI 10.1007/s1119-007-9199-z Jefferson, T & Preston, A 2007, ‘Trends in Australia’s Gender-wage ratio’, Labour and Industry, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 69-84, viewed 27th April 2012, via ProQuest Central Linz, SJ & Semykina, A 2012, ‘Analysing the gender pay gap in transition economies: How much does personality matter’, Human Relations, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 447-469, viewed 30th April 2012, SAGE Premier 2012, DOI 10.1177/0018726709339094 Need, A & de Jong, U 2008, ‘Personality traits and gender-specific income expectations in Dutch higher education’, Social Indicators Research, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 113-128, viewed 30th April 2012, SpringerLink, DOI 10.1007/s11205-007-9104-8 Nyhus, EK & Pons, E 2011, ‘Personality and the gender wage gap’, Applied Economics, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 105-118, viewed 27th April 2012, Taylor & Francis Online Library, DOI 10.1080/00036846.2010.500272 Sap, J 1993, ‘Baragining power and wages: A game-theoretic model of gender differences in unions wage bargaining’, Labour Economics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 25-48, viewed 27th April 2012, Science Direct database, DOI 10.1016/0927-537(93)90004-2 Van Wanrooy, B 2009, ‘Women at work in Australia: Bargaining a Better Position?†, Australian Bulletin of Labour, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 611-628, viewed 27th April 2012, via ProQuest Central

The Ethical Valuation of Euthanasia essays

The Ethical Valuation of Euthanasia essays The ethical valuation of euthanasia has been hotly contested within both the judicial and ethical arena for the past two decades. Philosophers and politicians alike stand on either side of the debate without a clear view of the future ahead. Euthanasia itself is a term that needs further clarification; it is a term that encompasses two parts active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Within active euthanasia there is an intentional attempt at mercy killing whereas within passive euthanasia a patient is allowed to die. The difference, though subtle in nature has a strong ethical connotations. Within the medical profession, active euthanasia is argued to be strictly unethical precisely because it goes against the creed of medical ethics. The AMA (American Medical Association) argues that by allowing active euthanasia we are promoting a culture that is antithetical to the practice of medicine. They forward several rational explanations for this perspective. First, that there have been cases where medical technology has allowed those who were incurable to become cured, as in the case of HIV/AIDS and certain types of cancers. Another argument is that patients, especially those who cannot speak for themselves may often wish to live given the opportunity, and the status quo assumption of any medical professional should always error on the side of living. Finally, they argue that active euthanasia entails doctors to kill, and it represents a symbolic giving up, all three reasons provide a rationale explanation for their position against euthanasia. The ethics of active euthanasia is very clear cut, in the minds of many, acting to cause the death of an individual constitutes direct participation. Detractors of euthanasia claim that by physically taking action to cause death, an agent becomes morally reprehensible for the action because he or she becomes a direct player. The question surroundi...

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buy custom Media Law essay The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of privacy law as it applies to the field of journalism in UK. This study will focus on recent case studies in UK with an aim of demonstrating how the law relating to privacy affects the work of journalists. Privacy is a situation in which persons confidential information disclosed in a private place is not brought into public because, it can cause either emotional distress or embarrassment to the latter. The right of privacy mainly applies to those people in a place that somebody expects to be private. Example of private places includes hotel rooms, home and telephone booths among others. The privacy law can be applied in situations whereby, a person believes that the massage he or she ought to deriver is private and that it can only be heard by those acting in the presence of law. UK enacted privacy law on 2 October 2000. Several courts in UK enforced the privacy law after several incidents reported by various citizens, initially, the law was referred to as Data protection Act DPA and established purposely to ensure that both private and government agencies use personal data for specific and legitimate aims only. It also allowed people access to their confidential information, provide enough security for personal information, and to hinder the transfer of personal information to destinations lacking data protection laws. As we all know, that journalism is quite a sensitive field of work with regard to privacy law. Media acts as a tool for creating awareness to the public. In most case media focus on most sensitive incidents such as child abuse and neglect among others (Kenyon 2006. P. 14). Placing information in media such as radio and TVs calls for thorough scrutiny about the sources of information, this is to say that, journalists who are the key participants in media face challenges based on the provision of testimonies. In many cases, journalists must testify their sources of information. If it happens that the sources of information may not attributed to the public interest or dviates the law, journalists face charges from the privacy commissioners. Such commissioners do not rely on a complaint because they can carry out an investigation role to determine the level of quilt. The privacy commissioners have the right to decide the amount of money to be paid to the complaint as compensation. The other challenge facing journalists is that privacy law does not limit the amount to be paid. In the process of publicizing personal data or information, journalists should concentrate on useful and reliable information from government sources. In the provided case study, it is true that Jimmy sunshine who was a TV presenter had tempered with Dots privacy. The privacy law states that there is no person supposed to publicize other personal data without their consent. I think Dot should not have consulted Jimmy Sunshine before proceeding to the court because this could not have changed her image in the public. The best thing that Dot could have done is to sue Jimmy sunshine because by so doing that, other presenters will learn how to observe privacy law (Hendrickx, 2003. P. 45) Copyright is among other areas that tend to impose restrictions on the work of journalists. Privacy law tends to protect photography through copyright and moral rights. Private Law restricts Journalists through copyright not to publish certain photographs unless permitted by the authority. In UK, individuals have the right restricting journalists from publicizing photographs with information that should not be disclosed to the public. If the journalists have to take such photos, they should produce permit from the authority because privacy law through copyright safeguard people privacy. Below is an example of two case studies in which privacy law through copyright imposes a restriction on journalists work. Case study 1 in UK: woman in a swimming pool. Dorothy, a 24 years old woman, and a civil servant lives with her two children. In a servant quarter where she lives, there was a swimming pool sharred by all the residents living in within the servant quarters. As Dorothy was swimming one afternoon, a journalist came and captured some photos without the Dorothys consents. The following day Dorothy got shocked to find her photo in the newspaper. In the photo, Dorothy was half way naked, something that irritated her. She talked the matter with her law Daniel who later sued the journalists against privacy. After the hearing, by the privacy commissioners, the commissioner found the journalist guilty and the commissioner ordered the journalist to compensate Dorothy for interfering with her privacy (Bar et.al 2004. P. 67). Case study 2: Esther Edward aged 27 years old and a mother of two was a single woman who was living in community housing. Her landlord Eliud Colin gave her an eviction notice that did not give reason for eviction. The eviction notice did not allow her to address the concern of the landlord. They arrived at an alternative agreement after her lawyer used Victorian Charted to negotiate with Eliud Colin the landlord. Afterwards, Bruno a journalist came and took some photos of Esther and her house. Late that day Esther learnt that the photos taken by the journalist were placed in press against her consent. Later on her lawyer filed a case against the journalist concerning the disclosure of Esthers personal data. The journalist was found quilt by the privacy commissioner, and the commissioner ordered him to pay Esther $10 for compensation. This is to mean that privacy law through copyright imposed restrictions on the work of the journalist, (Great Britain, House of Commons, Parliament, Media and sport c ommittee, 2010. P. 135). Conclusion The above two case studies analyses the rights of privacy to all categories of individuals in UK. The two show how government agencies and private agencies ensure that personal data is made private. Violation of the privacy law is an offence and that a disciplinary action should be taken to all offenders being either journalist or not. Buy custom Media Law essay

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

American History - Essay Example In the Encyclopedia Smithsonian, Roosevelt is labeled as the â€Å"Icon of the American Century,† right after the war against Spain in Cuba, he was chosen to be a governor in 1898 and as a vice president in 1900 (National Portrait Gallery). He strived to be the person anyone wants to be despite the tragedies that he have undergone – the death of his mother and wife. With the assassination of President McKinley, Roosevelt’s fate has been decided, he became the youngest US president at that time. He made sure to make the government be of service with the people – he made sure that despite the growing inequalities, President Roosevelt normalized huge businesses’ trusts to create fair competition and he also closely watched the railroads, labor and processed food industry (National Portrait Gallery). He also did everything he could to maintain the status of USA in world affairs and leadership. As a president, he was characterized as progressive and mode rn, he also believed that it was his duty as president to lead the initiatives that will be beneficial to them and to the welfare of their country. He was also one of the few president who used their executive powers in the same level of the other branches of the government and he believe that the powers of the president should also be put under limitations and restrictions (National Portrait Gallery). Roosevelt is only one of the many that can be called an American hero. There is Jane Addams who was a social reformer who led the international initiatives to intervene between the countries who are going against one another in World War I, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman who was a feminist author who reasoned out that women should be capable of participating actively in the realm of politics and that women should be economically independent – all of these were written in â€Å"Women and

Self Introduction Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Introduction - Personal Statement Example I strongly understand that every human being deserves a right to be happy and I consider it my personal initiative to guarantee this to every person. I am a strong believer of social justice and I know for certain that every human being should be considered equal. I do not hesitate to do all that I can to ensure that justice prevails in the society particularly for the weak. The desperate and the destitute members of the society are held close to my heart of hearts and I believe they also have reasons to live. Since I was a child, I have always felt pain when I see others suffer. I have realized that I cannot be happy when others are sad and I have believed that the only way to be happy is making other happy. Humility is the driving force towards my good relationship with people, my teachers, friends and family members. However, I am also very assertive especially when my conscience propels me to doing what I fundamentally believe is right. I have no reservation for the course of jus tice and truth. And am always willing to go an extra mile in ensuring that what my conscience considers right is done. I have no apologies at all for doing the right thing. This has sometimes seen a few friends break up with me. However, I lack ability to hold grudges; there is no hate in my heart. Even as they run away from me, I continue treating them with humility and love. With time, they come to realize that after all, I meant no harm. This has made many close friends cling to me amid many challenges. In the field of business, I am very entrepreneurial, inventive and innovative. I have contributed significantly to the growth of my mother’s small shop in town. With the ideas that I constantly give her, she has been able to expand the shop and today it is her main source of livelihood. I particularly imparted into her the idea of taking risks, however I warned her not to take very huge risks are the consequences might sometimes be too great to contemplate. Modesty and humi lity are some of the key attributes that mother has learnt from me. She uses these virtues to relate well to her customers who are mostly low and medium income earners. She constantly tells me that she did not believe she could learn from her son. After all she was supposed to be my role model and I was to learn from her. I have a wide experience in writing. I write articles and poems. Sometimes when I have nothing else to do, I find myself with a pen and a piece of paper. At one point I wrote what went down as a masterpiece article on justice and truth. Then, I was still very young and everybody wondered where I got the ability and the knowledge to write such an impeccable piece. It also goes without saying that I love reading a lot. I read biographies, novels, articles on the social world, psychology, philosophy, religion – comparative religion, Hindu, Islam, Christianity. I have an insatiable thirst for knowledge. I always want to know more. My contributions to the social well being of the society are very immense. Through the articles I have been able to write, people have been enlightened on the importance of justice and truth. I have particularly played a very fundamental role in ensuring that I inform my readers on the value of truth and justice. I have had reservations for dirty, racial and ethnic politics. I believe the most fundamental thing in politics is to judge individuals not on the basis of the depth of their

Bussines Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Bussines Law - Essay Example One of these categories is the business law. Business law involves all the laws that govern the relationship between any business entity and all the parties involved in the entity’s practices. Business law provides guidelines on how a business body conducts its practices with all the stakeholders like the employees, the customers, the society and the shareholders. Therefore, the rules contained in business law provide an avenue for resolving any dispute pertaining business practices (Cabrelli 22). Some of the fundamental elements in business law are the employment law and the contract law. Contract law governs the relationship between a business firm and any party that may enter into a contract with it, while employment law relates the business firm with its work force. Employment law falls under both the state statutes and the federal laws. Its scope extents to employees claim involving termination of employment contracts, discrimination, and employee’s compensation. This type of business mainly deals with the employees’ and the employers’ relationship with each other, their actions, and their responsibilities in the work place. When incorporated into employment law, contract law governs the agreement between the employer and the employee (Cabrelli 67). In this context, all the elements of contract law applies in establishing the terms and conditions of employment. In the subject case concerning Jill’s employment, the major types of laws that will be applied is both the employment law and the contract law. Employment law will represent the entire relationship between Jill and the Momma Mia Company, while contract law governs the agreement between Jill and the company. Therefore, Jill will pursue the elements of employment and contract law during the judicial process. On the first element involving the violation of contract, the plaintiff must argue that the agreement was made after consideration

Concert Orchestra experience Essay Example for Free

Concert Orchestra experience Essay The first piece was Variations on a Theme of Tchaikovsky, Op. 35a (1894) by Anton Arensky (1861-1906). The piece was written in 1894, in tribute to Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893). It was based on the theme from the poem Legend†, written by Richard Henry Stoddard (1825-1903). This poem portrays the crucifixion of Christ. Arensky admired Tchaikovsky so much that he used the theme of â€Å"Legend† for a set of variations in the second movement of his Second String Quartet. This piece’s style is a themes and variations. Its instrumentation includes Cello solo, 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Clarinets (A), 2 Bassoons + 2 Horns (F) + Violins I, Violins II, Violas, Cellos, and Double Basses. The second piece was Concerto for Marimba and Orchestra, Op. 34 (1957) by Robert Kurka (1921-1957). This piece introduced the marimba, which proved to the musical world that it could contend with instruments that had been used in orchestras and also provide a unique sound to the traditional orchestras played in regular concerts. This piece’s style is solo concerto. Its instrumentation includes the marimba and the orchestra. The third piece was Pictures at an Exhibition (1874) by Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881). This piece was inspired by the paintings of the artist Viktor Hartmann (1834-1873). This piece’s style is an orchestral suite. Its instrumentation includes 3 Flutes (2nd and 3rd doubling Piccolos), 3 Oboes (3rd doubling Cor Anglais), 2 Clarinets in A and Bb, Bass Clarinet in A and Bb, Alto Saxophone, 2 Bassoons, Double Bassoon, 4 Horns in F, 3 Trumpet in C, 3 Trombones, Tuba, Timpani, Percussion (xylophone, triangle, rattle, whip, side drum, bass drum, cymbals, suspended cymbal), 2 Harps, Celesta, and Strings. I picked the pieces was Variations on a Theme of Tchaikovsky, Op. 35a (1894) by Anton Arensky and Concerto for Marimba and Orchestra, Op. 34 (1957) by Robert Kurka. Both of these pieces were distinctly different than one another. The piece by Arensky depicts a sense of deep sadness and despair as a whole. It starts out containing elements of intimacy and moves towards a slow moving harmony. The structure of the music matched the structure of the original poem. The variations of sounds expressed many shifting moods such as a dialogue between instruments. Mood changed quickly throughout the piece and showed different parts of the melody, from increments of joy, to sadness, to a deep sorrow. The rhythm seamlessly continued throughout the piece acting towards each of the different themes described in its construction. The piece by Kurka produced a new and different type of classical music that is unique to the orchestra. The use of the marimba stood out from the traditional orchestral instruments. The first movement begins with an alternation between the marimba and the orchestra. Its upbeat sound resonates in a catchy chiming sound whose rhythm is clear yet unexpected. It provides a playful side to a usually stern and focused orchestra. As the second movement begins, it as if the marimba is communicating to the orchestra itself. As if it is trying to fit in with these classic types of instruments through its unique dynamics and resounding tone. It seems to clash with its orchestral counterparts. By the third movement, it seems as if all the instruments reach an agreement on the legitimacy of the marimba through its colorful and exciting solo. Although both pieces are completely different than one another, they both exhibit emotion. Arensky exhibits cruel sounding music that discusses the importance of religion and a series of events that affects a wide variety of people. It evokes a sense of despair that expresses a deep sounding melody. Kurka exhibits a different type of music that discusses the marimba’s rise to becoming a part of classical orchestra. Its colorful timbre expresses a joyful and unique melody that pleases the human ear. Anton Arensky (12 July 1861 -25 February 1906), was a Russian composer of Romantic classical music, a pianist and a professor of music. Pyotr Tchaikovsky was the greatest influence on Arenskys musical compositions. Indeed, Rimsky-Korsakov said, In his youth Arensky did not escape some influence from me; later the influence came from Tchaikovsky. He will quickly be forgotten. The perception that he lacked a distinctive personal style contributed to long-term neglect of his music, though in recent years a large number of his compositions have been recorded. Therefore, his values are seemingly non-existent because of the major influence of Tchaikovsky and absence of his own personal work. Throughout the performance I did perceive a strong sense of historical value and defines not who Arensky was, but his role model Tchaikovsky and how his music conveyed a strong sense of religious value. Kurka’s Concerto for Marimba and Orchestra was the first marimba work to enjoy both widespread public appeal and widespread recognition of having a high level of musical sophistication fit for the concert hall. It debuted during the modern style period. It provided important historical value by Kurka finally representing everything that early marimba composers set out to do in one piece: create a sophisticated and serious musical work that is both challenging to the performer and which has widespread public appeal. I perceived an ongoing struggle throughout the piece, but as the performance continued it conveyed the struggle the instrument had to do in order to become a prominent part of the classical orchestra. Citatation Keunning, G. (1999). Symphony of the canyons. Retrieved from http://lasr. cs. ucla. edu/geoff/prognotes/mussorgsky/pictures. html Strain, James. Vida Chenoweth. Percussive Notes 32. 6 (1994): 8-9. Print. Stevens, Leigh Howard. An Interview with Vida Chenoweth. Percussive Notes 15. 3 (2002): 22-25. PAS Online Archive . Weir, Martin. Catching up with Vida Chenoweth. Percussive Notes 32. 3 (1994): 53-55. Print.

Loyalties in Kurt Vonnegut’s Mother Night Essay -- Mother Night

Kurt Vonnegut’s Mother Night is a novel that deals with the loyalties that humans form to each other, as well as things and places. However, Vonnegut does not address this issue by creating a cast of characters who are loyal and true to a particular person, place or thing; instead, he places the reader in a world that is seemingly void of all sense of loyalty and trustworthiness. Almost every character in this novel is apparently devoid of all ability to trust, and more significantly, be trusted. In his creation of this dark and uncertain world, Vonnegut is effectively emphasizing the importance of allegiances in one’s life. Through characters like Howard W. Campbell, Jr. and Resi Noth, among others, he proves that a life without loyalty and devotion is not a life worth living. Each character is lacking the same core qualities and abilities, yet each shows this deficiency in a different way - by betraying a country, another person, or themselves. Because of their betrayals, each of them ends up miserable, in prison, or dead, with the possible exception of Frank Wirtanen. Every life in this novel is somehow affected by the deceit and inability to sustain any kind of commitment that these characters so tragically display. Howard W. Campbell, Jr., the main character of the novel, experiences the most severe and damaging lack of loyalty and coherency in his life. Howard’s problems begin when he agrees to become an American spy posing as a Minister of Propaganda for the Nazis during World War II. No one knows of his true identity except for himself and three other men; therefore, everyone believes Howard to be a Nazi. At times, it seems as though Howard himself is not entirely sure whether or not he is a Naz... ...: American Fiction Series, Revised Edition. Salem Press, 2000. Magill On Literature. 29 Nov. 2002. Hume, Kathryn. â€Å"Vonnegut’s Melancholy.† Philological Quarterly. 77.2 (1998): 221- 238. Klinkowitz, Jerome. Kurt Vonnegut. London and New York: Metheun, 1982. Reed, Peter J. â€Å"Kurt Vonnegut Jr.† Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 152: American Novelists Since World War II, Fourth Series. Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1995. 248-272. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Gale Group Databases. 27 Nov. 2002. Somer, John, and Jerome Klinkowitz, eds. The Vonnegut Statement. USA: Delacorte Press/Seymour Lawrence, 1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Mother Night. New York: Random House, 1966. Westbrook, Perry D. "Kurt Vonnegut Jr.: Overview.† Contemporary Novelists, 6th ed. St. James Press, 1996. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. 26 Nov. 2002. Loyalties in Kurt Vonnegut’s Mother Night Essay -- Mother Night Kurt Vonnegut’s Mother Night is a novel that deals with the loyalties that humans form to each other, as well as things and places. However, Vonnegut does not address this issue by creating a cast of characters who are loyal and true to a particular person, place or thing; instead, he places the reader in a world that is seemingly void of all sense of loyalty and trustworthiness. Almost every character in this novel is apparently devoid of all ability to trust, and more significantly, be trusted. In his creation of this dark and uncertain world, Vonnegut is effectively emphasizing the importance of allegiances in one’s life. Through characters like Howard W. Campbell, Jr. and Resi Noth, among others, he proves that a life without loyalty and devotion is not a life worth living. Each character is lacking the same core qualities and abilities, yet each shows this deficiency in a different way - by betraying a country, another person, or themselves. Because of their betrayals, each of them ends up miserable, in prison, or dead, with the possible exception of Frank Wirtanen. Every life in this novel is somehow affected by the deceit and inability to sustain any kind of commitment that these characters so tragically display. Howard W. Campbell, Jr., the main character of the novel, experiences the most severe and damaging lack of loyalty and coherency in his life. Howard’s problems begin when he agrees to become an American spy posing as a Minister of Propaganda for the Nazis during World War II. No one knows of his true identity except for himself and three other men; therefore, everyone believes Howard to be a Nazi. At times, it seems as though Howard himself is not entirely sure whether or not he is a Naz... ...: American Fiction Series, Revised Edition. Salem Press, 2000. Magill On Literature. 29 Nov. 2002. Hume, Kathryn. â€Å"Vonnegut’s Melancholy.† Philological Quarterly. 77.2 (1998): 221- 238. Klinkowitz, Jerome. Kurt Vonnegut. London and New York: Metheun, 1982. Reed, Peter J. â€Å"Kurt Vonnegut Jr.† Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 152: American Novelists Since World War II, Fourth Series. Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1995. 248-272. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Gale Group Databases. 27 Nov. 2002. Somer, John, and Jerome Klinkowitz, eds. The Vonnegut Statement. USA: Delacorte Press/Seymour Lawrence, 1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Mother Night. New York: Random House, 1966. Westbrook, Perry D. "Kurt Vonnegut Jr.: Overview.† Contemporary Novelists, 6th ed. St. James Press, 1996. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. 26 Nov. 2002.